-
1 backward jet
Космонавтика: обратная струя, обратное течение -
2 backward jet
n зворотна течія -
3 backward jet
-
4 jet
1) струя (воды, пара)2) гидромонитор3) форсунка; патрубок5) большой ковш ( для воды)6) брызгать, разбрызгивать; распылять; инъецировать•- aeration jet - backward jet - cement throwing jet - control jet - cutting jet - deflected jet - discharge jet - disintegrated jet - free jet - free-falling jet - free-overflow jet - impinging jet - injection jet - lifting jet - pencil jet - pile-water jet - throwing jet - vapour jet - velocity of jet - water jetto jet into place — опускать (напр. сваю) с помощью подмыва
* * *1. струя; факел2. сопло, насадок, форсунка3. гидромонитор4. реактивный двигатель- adhering jet
- air jet
- air-washer jet
- air-water jet
- attached jet
- compact jet
- confined air jet
- fan-shaped air jet
- flat air jet
- free jet
- half-restricted jet
- heat jet
- isothermal jet
- nonisothermal jet
- pile water jet
- radial air jet
- spot cooling jet
- submerged jet
- supply air jet
- wall jet -
5 pressure
давление; сжатие; прессование; герметичныйboundary layer induced pressure — давление, обусловленное пограничным слоем
computer unit output pressure — давление на выходе решающего гидроусилителя (автомата загрузки бустерного управления)
dump the pressure to return — стравливать [перепускать] давление в отводящую магистраль
forward (control) stick pressure — усилие (на ручке) в направлении «от себя», давящее [толкающее] усилие (на ручке)
partial pressure suit capstan pressure — давление в натяжных пневмокамерах высотного компенсирующего костюма
relax forward pressure on the stick — уменьшать усилие на ручке в направлении «от себя»: отпускать ручку назад
relieve the back pressure on the stick — уменьшать усилие на ручке в направлении «на себя»; отпускать ручку вперёд
saturated vapor pressure — упругость насыщающего пара; давление насыщенного пара
-
6 action
действие; работа; срабатывание; воздействиеopen and shut action — релейное действие, действие типа «да — нет»
-
7 flow
1. поток, струя, течение, истечение; движение жидкости [газа]2. фильтрация; расход жидкости; прокачка3. текучесть— flow in— flow off— flow out— gas flow— jet flow
* * *
1. поток2. фонтанирование || фонтанировать3. добыча
* * *
1.поток, течение; фильтрация; движение флюидов; расход жидкости2.
* * *
течение, поток
* * *
1) поток2) фонтанирование || фонтанировать; выдавать нефть ()3) добыча•flow by heads — пульсирующее фонтанирование;
flow from a pump — подача насоса; производительность насоса;
flow in porous medium — течение в пористой среде;
to flow by gravity — двигаться самотеком;
to flow by heads — фонтанировать;
to flow naturally — фонтанировать естественным путём;
to flow off — стекать;
to flow out — вытекать;
to flow over — переливаться;
to flow through — перекачивать; пропускать; протекать;
- flow of defectsto flow up — подниматься ()
- flow of liquid-gas mixture
- flow of non-Newtonian fluid
- flow of phases
- absolute open flow
- air flow
- all-gas flow
- annular flow
- annular dispersed flow
- annular two-phase flow
- artesian flow
- behind-the-casing flow
- break flow
- bubble flow
- calculated absolute open flow
- calculated open flow
- capillary flow
- channel flow
- churn-turbulent flow
- cocurrent catalyst flow
- constant flow
- continuous flow
- counter-current flow
- cross flow
- daily flow
- difference flow
- drilling mud flow
- drilling mud returning annular flow
- eddying flow
- estimated flow
- expanding gas flow
- filter fluid flow
- fluctuating flow
- fluid flow
- fluid flow along fractures
- fluid flow through pores
- fluid through flow
- foamy flow
- fractional flow
- fractional through flow
- free flow
- frictional flow
- frictionless flow
- froth flow
- gas flow
- gas-condensate flow
- gas-liquid flow
- gas-piston flow
- gravitational flow
- head flow
- induced flow
- initial flow
- interformational flow
- intermittent flow
- jet flow
- laminar flow
- linear flow
- mass flow
- mist flow
- multiphase flow
- natural flow
- nonstationary flow
- nonsteady flow
- nonviscous flow
- oil flow
- one-phase flow
- open flow
- operating flow
- parallel flow
- pipe flow
- piston flow
- plastic flow
- plug flow
- polyphase flow
- pump output flow
- radial flow
- retarded flow
- salt water flow
- semiannular flow
- slip flow
- smooth flow
- steady flow
- streamlined flow
- structural flow
- subsurface water flow
- survey-current flow
- three-phase flow
- transient flow
- trouble shooting flow
- turbulent flow
- two-component flow
- two-liquid flow
- two-phase flow
- two-phase critical flow
- two-phase gas-liquid flow
- uncontrolled flow
- undisturbed flow
- unrestricted flow
- unstable flow
- unsteady flow
- upward flow
- variable flow
- viscous flow
- viscous turbulent flow
- vortex flow
- water-oil flow
- wavy flow
- well flow
- well natural flow
- wide-open flow
- wispy-annular flow* * *• движение• добыча• прокачка• фонтан -
8 takeoff
взлет; стартsolo maximum performance takeoff and roll — кратчайший взлет пары самолётов с раздельно выполняемыми бочками на наборе
takeoff to 35-ft — взлет(ная дистанция) до высоты 35 футов (10,5 м)
takeoff with prior taxiing — взлет истребителей с предварительным выруливанием к месту старта на ВПП
-
9 thrust
тяга; сила тяги; осевое давление; импульс; создавать тягу или импульсstart in reverse thrust — запускать (двигатель) в режиме реверса тяги [при включенном реверсе]
-
10 fan
- fan
- n1. вентилятор
2. защитный козырёк лесов (над проходом, тротуаром)
- adjustable pitch axial flow fan
- aerofoil blade fan
- aerofoil fan
- antistall fan
- attic fan
- axial flow fan
- axial fan
- backward curve fan
- bifurcated fan
- booster fan
- ceiling fan
- centrifugal fan
- circulating fan
- cross flow fan
- dedusting fan
- double inlet fan
- double suction fan
- double-width fan
- dust fan
- dust arresting fan
- emergency exhaust fan
- exhaust fan
- explosion-proof fan
- extract fan
- forced-draft fan
- forward curve fan
- guide vane axial fan
- high pressure fan
- induced draft fan
- induction fan
- jet fan
- low pressure fan
- mixed flow fan
- multistage fan
- paddle blade fan
- partition fan
- pole-change motor fan
- propeller fan
- radial fan
- radial blade fan
- recirculating air fan
- return air fan
- reversible fan
- roof fan
- self-limiting fan
- single inlet fan
- sorting fan
- spark proof fan
- split casing fan
- suction fan
- supply fan
- tangential flow fan
- tube axial fan
- vane axial fan
- variable pitch axial flow fan
- wind turbine fan
Англо-русский строительный словарь. — М.: Русский Язык. С.Н.Корчемкина, С.К.Кашкина, С.В.Курбатова. 1995.
* * * -
11 thrust
1. тяга || создавать тягу3. толчок; удар || толкать; ударятьto return to forward thrust — переключать на прямую тягу, выключать реверс
— to augment thrust— to develop thrust— to provide thrust— to reduce thrust— to regain thrust -
12 flow
1. сток; расход2. течение; ток; потокlong-term average annual flow — средний многолетний сток, норма стока
— jet flow— low flow— mud flow -
13 flow
1) поток; течение || протекать; течь2) расход (жидкости, газа)3) маршрут, технологический маршрут4) производительность; объём выпуска5) циркуляция6) искривление; коробление; деформация || деформироваться; коробиться; искривляться•- calibrated flow
- chip flow
- cold flow
- command status flow
- continuous flow
- control flow
- data flow
- demand flow
- flow of force
- functional processing flow
- generous flow
- grain flow
- group technology type flow
- heat flow
- hydraulic flow
- information flow
- intermediate flow
- jet flow
- laminar flow
- main flow of force
- manifold flow
- mass flow
- material flow
- metered flow
- part flow
- path flow
- pilot oil flow
- plastic flow
- power flow
- primary flow
- process flow
- production flow
- pulsating flow
- random flow through the shop
- random tool flow
- secondary flow
- signal flow
- streamline flow
- supply flow
- total flow
- turbulent flow
- work flowEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > flow
-
14 welding
сварка, сваривание; приварка || сварочный- air acetylene weldingwelding into — вварка (напр. труб в листы)
- arc augmented laser welding
- arc spot welding
- arc welding
- argon arc welding
- atomic welding
- atomic-hydrogen welding
- automatic submerged-arc welding
- backhand welding
- back-step welding
- backward welding
- braze welding
- building-up welding
- butt welding
- butt-seam welding
- carbon dioxide shielded welding
- carbon-arc welding
- cascade welding
- CO2 welding
- cold pressure welding
- cold welding
- consumable electrode arc welding
- copy welding
- dc arc welding
- deposit welding
- deposition welding
- diffusion welding
- downhill welding
- downward welding
- EHV welding
- electric arc welding
- electric resistance welding
- electron-beam welding
- electroslag welding
- ellectrogas welding
- energy beam welding
- ESW welding
- explosion welding
- EXW welding
- firecracker welding
- flash butt welding
- flash welding
- flexible welding
- flow welding
- flux-cored arc welding
- forehand welding
- forge welding
- forward welding
- friction welding
- fusion welding
- gas welding
- gas-metal arc welding
- gas-shielded arc welding
- gas-tungsten arc welding
- GMA welding
- gravity welding
- hammer welding
- hand arc welding
- hand welding
- hidden arc welding
- high-frequency resistance welding
- high-frequency welding
- hot pressure welding
- hot wire welding
- induction welding
- ion beam welding
- laser beam welding
- laser welding
- laser wire welding
- left-hand welding
- leftward welding
- light spot welding
- light welding
- light-gage welding
- machine welding
- MAG welding
- magnetic pulse welding
- manual arc welding
- manual welding
- mechanized arc welding
- mechanized welding
- metal-inert gas welding
- MIG welding
- MIG/CO2 welding
- multiarc welding
- multielectrode welding
- multiple laser spot welding
- nonconsumable electrode arc welding
- one-direction welding
- orbital welding
- overlay laser welding
- overlaying laser welding
- oxyacetylene welding
- oxyfuel gas welding
- oxyhydrogen welding
- partial penetration laser welding
- percussion welding
- plasma arc welding
- plasma jet welding
- plasma-assisted laser welding
- point welding
- position pipe welding
- pressure gas welding
- pressure welding with furnace heading
- pressure welding
- projection welding
- pulsed arc welding
- pulsed MIG welding
- pulsed-current welding
- pulsed-power welding
- pulsed-spray welding
- pulsed-voltage welding
- resistance butt welding
- resistance welding
- resistance-projection welding
- resistance-seam welding
- resistance-spot welding
- right-hand welding
- rightward welding
- robot welding
- roll welding
- seam welding
- semisubmerged arc welding
- shielded carbon-arc welding welding
- shielded-metal arc welding
- skip welding
- solid-phase welding
- solid-state welding
- spot welding
- step-back welding
- stud arc welding
- stud welding
- submerged arc welding
- tack welding
- thermic welding
- thermit welding
- tungsten arc welding
- twin-arc welding
- two-electrode welding
- ultrasonic welding
- uphill welding
- upset welding
- upward welding
- vacuum laser welding
- vibrating electrode arc weldingEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > welding
-
15 fan
1) вентилятор2) крыло, лопасть ( вентилятора)4) дуть, подавать воздух•- blast fan - blow fan - booster fan - ceiling fan - centrifugal fan - cooling fan - discharge fan - disk fan - draft fan - dry fan - dust fan - dust collecting fan - dust exhausting fan - emergency exhaust fan - exhaust fan - exhauster draught fan - extraction fan - force fan - forced draught fan - fresh air fan - helical fan - impulsion fan - induced draught fan - inlet fan - multiblade fan - multistage fan - paddle wheel fan - plastic fan - pressure fan - propeller-type fan - return air fan - reversible fan - ring-type fan - roof fan - scavenger fan - self-limiting fan - sparkproof fan - starting fan - suction fan - supply fan - table fan - turbine fan - vacuum fan - ventilating fan - wall fan - wet-suction fanto fan out — 1) рассеиваться, разветвлять(ся) 2) разделывать ( концы кабеля)
* * *1. вентилятор2. защитный козырёк лесов (над проходом, тротуаром)- adjustable pitch axial flow fan
- aerofoil blade fan
- aerofoil fan
- antistall fan
- attic fan
- axial flow fan
- axial fan
- backward curve fan
- bifurcated fan
- booster fan
- ceiling fan
- centrifugal fan
- circulating fan
- cross flow fan
- dedusting fan
- double inlet fan
- double suction fan
- double-width fan
- dust fan
- dust arresting fan
- emergency exhaust fan
- exhaust fan
- explosion-proof fan
- extract fan
- forced-draft fan
- forward curve fan
- guide vane axial fan
- high pressure fan
- induced draft fan
- induction fan
- jet fan
- low pressure fan
- mixed flow fan
- multistage fan
- paddle blade fan
- partition fan
- pole-change motor fan
- propeller fan
- radial fan
- radial blade fan
- recirculating air fan
- return air fan
- reversible fan
- roof fan
- self-limiting fan
- single inlet fan
- sorting fan
- spark proof fan
- split casing fan
- suction fan
- supply fan
- tangential flow fan
- tube axial fan
- vane axial fan
- variable pitch axial flow fan
- wind turbine fan -
16 system
1) система; комплекс2) совокупность•- absolutely consistent system - absolutely direct indecomposable system - absolutely free system - absolutely irreducible system - absolutely isolated system - allowable coordinate system - almost linear system - ample linear system - artificial feel system - automatic block system - automatic deicing system - binary relational system - binary-coded decimal system - block tooling system - Cartesian coordinate system - completely controllable system - completely ergodic system - completely hyperbolic system - completely identifiable system - completely integrable system - completely irreducible system - completely regular system - completely stable system - completely stratified system - complex number system - conical coordinate system - derivational formal system - differential equation system - differential selsyn system - digital counting system - digital transmission system - elliptic coordinate system - elliptic cylindrical coordinate system - externally inconsistent system - finite state system - finitely axiomatizable system - finitely presented system - fully characteristic quotient system - fundamental system of solutions - hydraulic lift system - integrated switching system - isomorphically embedded system - kernel normal system - linearly dependent system - linearly independent system - live hydraulic system - locking protection system - meteor-burst communication system - modular programming system - parabolic cylindrical coordinate system - permanent four-wheel drive system - pure independent system - radio telephone system - reactor protection system - real number system - receiver-amplifier crioelectric system - remote-cylinder hydraulic system - semantically consistent system - simply consistent system - simply incomplete system - simply ordered system - spherical coordinate system - strongly multiplicative system - structurally stable system - sufficiently general coordinate system - system of frequency curves - system of rational numbers - time multiplex system - time-division multiplex system - uniformly complete system - univalent system of notation - universal system of notation - weakly closed system - weighted number system -
17 flow
1. течение; истечение; поток; обтекание/ течь; протекать2. расход <жидкости, газа>3. ход; процессflow along a cornerflow in chemical equilibriumflow of momentumadiabatic flowafterburner fuel flowafterburner main fuel flowafterburner pilot fuel flowair injection mass flowairfoil flowarrival flowattached flowaxisymmetric flowaxisymmetrical flowbackward-facing step flowbaroclinic flowbarotropic flowbase flowblade flowBlasius flowbleed flowblood flowbody-glove flowboundary layer flowbypass flowcavitation flowcavity flowchannel flowchemically reacting flowchoked flowCoanda flowcombusting flowcompressible flowconical flowconically symmetric flowcontinuum fluid flowcore flowCouette flowcross flowcurved flowdata flowdissociated flowdivergent flowengine fuel flowentrained flowentrainment induced flowentrance flowequilibrium flowexhaust flowforebody flowfountain flowfree molecular flowfrozen flowfuel flowfully attached flowfully detached flowfully developed turbulent flowground idle fuel flowheat flowhigh-Reynolds number flowhigh-Reynolds-number flowhigh-speed flowhot flowhypersonic flowideal thrust mass flowidle fuel flowinboard flowincompressible flowinlet flowinlet mass flowintake flowintermittent flowinviscid flowirrotational flowisentropic flowisothermal flowjet flowlaminar flowleading-edge flowlift-producing flowlow-energy flowlow-speed flowlow-temperature flowlower-surface flowmain burner fuel flowmain engine fuel flowmass flowmean flowmelt flowmixed flowmultiphase flowmultishocked flownear-critical flownear-wake flownear-wall flownearly choked flowNewtonian flownonisentropic flownonequilibrium flownozzle flownozzle mass flowone-dimensional flowone-phase flowoptical flowoscillatory flowover-the-wing flowparticle-laden flowpassenger flowperturbed flowPoiseuille flowpotential flowprimary flowprotuberance-induced flowrarefied flowrecirculating flowrecirculation flowreversal flowreverse flowreverser mass flowroot flowrotating flowrotational flowrotor flowsecondary flowseparated flowseparating flowseparation flowseparation-induced flowshear flowshock interference flowshocked flowsinusoidally perturbed flowslip flowspanwise flowspiral flowstable flowsteady flowsubcritical flowsubcritical mass flowsubsonic flowsuction flowsuction mass flowsudden expansion flowsupercritical flowsupersonic flowswirling flowtailplane flowthree-dimensional flowtip flowtraffic flowtranquil flowtransient flowtransitional flowtransonic flowturbulent flowtwo-dimensional flowtwo-phase flowunblown flowunconfined flowuniform flowunsteady flowup-wash flowviscous flowviscous-dominated flowvortex flowvortex-dominated flowvortex-free flowvortex-like flowvortex-type flowvortical flowwake-like flowwall-bounded flowwing flowzero-lift flow -
18 blade
лопасть; лопатка; перо; лезвие; ребро -
19 thrust
thrust nтягаactual specific thrustистинная удельная тягаapply reserves thrustприменять реверс тягиasymmetrical reversal thrustнесимметричная реверсивная тягаasymmetric thrust landingпосадка с асимметричной тягойaugmented thrustфорсированная тягаaugment thrustфорсировать тягуavailable thrustрасполагаемая тягаaxial thrustосевая тягаbackward thrustобратная тягаbrake by reverse thrustтормозить реверсом тягиbreak-away thrustтяга, необходимая для страгиванияcombined thrustсуммарная тягаconstant thrust effectэффект постоянной тягиcontrollable thrustрегулируемая тягаdeploy a thrust reverserвключать реверс тягиdesign thrustрасчетная тягаdevelop thrustразвивать тягуengine thrustтяга двигателяengine thrust marginизбыток тяги двигателяexcess thrustизбыточная тягаflight thrustтяга в полетеforward idle thrustпрямая тяга на режиме малого газаforward thrustпрямая тягаfull forward thrustполная прямая тягаfull reverse thrustполная реверсивная тягаfull throttle thrustтяга на режиме максимального газаidling thrustтяга на режиме малого газаjet thrustреактивная тягаlanding distance with reverse thrustпосадочная дистанция при включенном реверсеmaximum continuous thrustтяга на максимально продолжительном режимеnegative thrust propellerреверсивный воздушный винтnet thrustтяга без потерьnoise abatement thrust cutbackуменьшение тяги с целью снижения шумаnoise thrust correctionуменьшение шума за счет изменения тягиoperating thrustрежимная тягаoverall thrustсуммарная тягаpositive thrustположительная тягаpropeller thrustтяга воздушного винтаprovide thrustобеспечивать тягуreduce thrustуменьшать тягуregain thrustвосстанавливать тягуrequired thrustпотребная тягаresultant thrustсуммарная тягаreturn to forward thrustпереключать на прямую тягуreversal thrustобратная тягаreverse idle thrustобратная тяга на режиме малого газаreverse thrustреверсировать тягуreverse thrust effluxструя выходящих газов при реверсеreverse thrust leverрычаг управления реверсом тягиreverse thrust noiseшум при включении реверса тягиrotor thrustтяга несущего винтаspecific thrustудельная тягаstatic thrustстатическая тягаsteady thrustтяга на установившемся режимеstow a thrust reverserвыключать реверс тягиsymmetric thrust approachзаход на посадку при симметричной тягеtakeoff thrustтяга на взлетном режимеtarget-type thrust reverserмеханизм реверса тяги со струеотражательными заслонкамиthrust augmentationфорсирование тягиthrust augmentorфорсажная камера для увеличения тягиthrust augmentor nozzleсопло форсажной камерыthrust augmentor pumpфорсажный насосthrust augmentor systemфорсажная система(двигателя) thrust brake retractionвыключение реверса тягиthrust brakingторможение реверсом тягиthrust characteristicтяговая характеристикаthrust componentсоставляющая силы тягиthrust curveдроссельная характеристикаthrust decayпадение тягиthrust horsepowerтяговая мощностьthrust loadтяговое усилиеthrust meterизмеритель тягиthrust misalignmentнесимметричность тягиthrust momentмомент тягиthrust nozzleреактивное соплоthrust pickupдатчик тягиthrust powerтяговая мощностьthrust producting deviceустройство для создания тягиthrust reductionуменьшение тягиthrust reserveзапас тягиthrust reversalреверс тягиthrust reverser actuatorпривод механизма реверса тягиthrust reverser bucketковш реверса тягиthrust reverser cascadeрешетка реверса тягиthrust reverser cylinderцилиндр реверса тягиthrust reverser doorстворка механизма реверса тягиthrust reverser interlock systemсистема блокировки управления по положению реверсаthrust reverser leverрычаг управления реверсом тягиthrust reverser lightтабло сигнализации положения реверса тягиthrust reverser shutterщиток реверсаthrust reverser stowageперекладка реверса на прямую тягуthrust reverser systemсистема реверсирования тягиthrust reversingреверсированиеthrust specific fuel consumptionудельный расход топлива на кг тяги в часthrust systemсиловая установкаthrust versus speed curveскоростная характеристикаtop thrustмаксимальная тягаunwanted reverse thrustреверсивная тягаupward thrustвертикально направленная тягаvariable thrustрегулируемая тягаvectored thrustтяга, регулируемая по величине и направлениюzero thrustнулевая тяга -
20 take-off
1. n (тж. takeoff)1) зліт2) запуск2. v1) злітати2) запускати◊•- backward take-off - continued take-off - forward take-off - jet-assisted take-off - rearward take-off - rejected take-off - rocket-assisted take-off - vertical take-off
См. также в других словарях:
jet-driven — jetˈ driven adjective Driven by the backward emission of a jet of gas, etc • • • Main Entry: ↑jet … Useful english dictionary
jet — 1. n. & v. n. 1 a stream of water, steam, gas, flame, etc. shot out esp. from a small opening. 2 a spout or nozzle for emitting water etc. in this way. 3 a a jet engine. b an aircraft powered by one or more jet engines. v. (jetted, jetting) 1… … Useful english dictionary
Jet force — The jet force is a rocket like force due to Newton s third law which states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. The backward moving exhaust of a burning fuel pushes a rocket or jet forward. It means that throwing a… … Wikipedia
jet propulsion — noun propulsion by the backward ejection of a high speed jet of gas or liquid … English new terms dictionary
Microsoft Jet Database Engine — This article is about JET Red used in Microsoft Access. For the JET Blue ISAM implementation, see Extensible Storage Engine. The Microsoft Jet Database Engine is a database engine on which several Microsoft products have been built. A database… … Wikipedia
Components of jet engines — Diagram of a typical gas turbine jet engine. Air is compressed by the fan blades as it enters the engine, and it is mixed and burned with fuel in the combustion section. The hot exhaust gases provide forward thrust and turn the turbines which… … Wikipedia
World Heroes 2 Jet — European arcade flyer of World Heroes 2 Jet. Developer(s) ADK (assisted by SNK) … Wikipedia
Harrier Jump Jet — infobox Aircraft name = Harrier Jump Jet type = V/STOL strike aircraft manufacturer = Hawker Siddeley McDonnell Douglas/British Aerospace Boeing/BAE Systems caption = A Harrier GR7A of the Royal Air Force designer = first flight = introduced =… … Wikipedia
locomotion — /loh keuh moh sheuhn/, n. the act or power of moving from place to place. [1640 50; see LOCOMOTIVE, MOTION] * * * Any of various animal movements that result in progression from one place to another. Locomotion is classified as either… … Universalium
airplane — /air playn /, n. 1. a heavier than air aircraft kept aloft by the upward thrust exerted by the passing air on its fixed wings and driven by propellers, jet propulsion, etc. 2. any similar heavier than air aircraft, as a glider or helicopter. Also … Universalium
Europe, history of — Introduction history of European peoples and cultures from prehistoric times to the present. Europe is a more ambiguous term than most geographic expressions. Its etymology is doubtful, as is the physical extent of the area it designates.… … Universalium